Materials science is a discipline that focuses on understanding the macroscopic properties of materials based on their atomic and molecular structure. This is the basis for creating new materials, as well as improving existing ones.
For example, a reliable bonding process is critical to the manufacture of things like medical devices and smart watches. Without it, these products would fail to function properly.
Building Materials
Building materials are the raw materials used to build a structure, whether it is a house or a skyscraper. They are divided into categories based on their characteristics. Each material has unique properties that make it suitable for specific uses. Some examples of building materials include metals, bricks, wood and plastics. These materials can be combined to create a variety of buildings. The decision of which building materials to use in construction is often determined by the initial economic cost, maintenance costs and durability.
Materials scientists study the interplay between a material’s chemical makeup, its microstructure and how it is processed. They also research the laws of physics and chemistry that influence the performance of a material in a given application. The field of materials science was once considered a sub-field of chemistry, physics and engineering, but since the 1940s it has become more widely recognized as its own discipline.
Many basic building materials are made of metals, such as aluminum, steel and copper. They are durable and strong, which makes them suitable for construction. They are also resistant to corrosion from salts and other chemicals that can be present in the air and water. Metals are also easy to work with, making them popular for use in construction. Other durable materials that are used for building construction include clay bricks, mud and stone.
Construction Methods
As people drive down the street or pass by construction sites, they may not think about how those structures were made or what materials are used. However, the type of construction method used on a project determines how much money and time is needed to complete it. It’s essential for professionals to understand the different types of construction methods in order to be able to choose the right one for a particular job.
Modern methods of building construction offer a range of benefits for both businesses and consumers. They can help to save money, reduce time and even make construction safer. Many of these new techniques can be used on their own or in combination with traditional methods to create unique and innovative buildings.
Construction methods vary depending on the needs of the project, such as the size and load bearing constraints of the structure or the desired speed of construction. They can also be based on the availability of materials and environmental factors. Design-build and alternative delivery methods, such as CMAR and P3, are becoming increasingly popular as they allow project owners to have more control over their projects.
Some common building construction methods include timber framing, heavy steel framing and flat slab construction. Timber frame construction uses wood to create a foundation for a house, while heavy steel framing involves attaching steel beams to the frame of a building to provide support. In addition, flat slab construction is a quick and easy way to build a home, as it eliminates the need for beams by using concrete columns to support the building.
Building Codes
The BuildStrong Coalition is an alliance of insurance industry leaders, national business and consumer organizations, the fire service, emergency managers, building professionals and the International Code Council to encourage state and local governments to adopt stronger building codes. Its members include major domestic insurers and national companies that sell home and commercial insurance.
Codes set the minimum standard for new buildings and help prevent accidents, fires and other catastrophic events. They also protect occupants, investors, property owners, insurance providers and the community. Upgrading to the latest codes increases a building’s value and may even lead to lower lifetime energy costs.
National and international building codes are updated on a three-year basis, which helps ensure that jurisdictions maintain the knowledge and understanding of new research results and advances in construction science and technology. The ICC’s model code development process is structured to ensure that public health and safety concerns are prioritized along with economic value and sustainability. Code opponents often fail to distinguish between the democratically derived minimum standards and stereotypical government regulations.
Code changes that limit the ability to comply with new technologies or products are not in the interest of builders, consumers, investors, homeowners and the economy. Keeping up with the latest standards allows innovative product manufacturers to gain market share and stimulates job creation. A delay in the code process can place a jurisdiction at a competitive disadvantage with international competitors who stay current with evolving technology and innovation.
Materials Selection
There are many factors that can influence the choice of building materials for a construction project. Some of the most important considerations include cost, durability, and location. Durability is important because it will allow the building to remain in good condition for a longer period of time. This will reduce the amount of maintenance required and overall cost. Durability also plays a role in the safety of the building, as it will prevent the structure from becoming damaged or unsafe due to weather conditions or heavy loads.
The material selection process is a complex one, and it requires the expertise of a variety of professionals. The materials that are selected will impact the structural integrity of the building as well as the aesthetics. The selection of construction materials should take into account the intended use of the building and any code requirements that may be in place.
Materials scientists research the scientific fundamentals of materials and then design them to meet real-world needs. They contribute to the creation of safer cars with better gas mileage, faster computers with larger hard drive capacities, smaller electronic devices, threat-detecting sensors and renewable energy harvesting technologies. They even help preserve and restore artifacts and artwork.